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Contributions to the peak 𝑃𝑅 from the bow shock and magnetopause at 𝜂 = 5.38018 × 108cm2s−1 for Case #1 (panel a), Case #2 (top of panel b), and Case #3 (bottom of panel b). The volumetric renderings show ∇ · Stotal in erg cm−3 s−1. -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Magnetic Fields, Electromagnetism, bioelectricity,, Space Weather & Heliophysics, TRAPPIST-1

Resistive MHD Simulations of Stellar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling in TRAPPIST-1e

by Keith CowingApril 2, 2026April 2, 2026

Close-in terrestrial exoplanets around M dwarfs reside in dense, magnetized winds, where non-ideal plasma coupling can strongly affect how electromagnetic energy is redistributed within the dayside interaction region.

A schematic diagram of the hycean Lotka-Volterra model we implement in this work. The schematic shows how various parameters in our model are connected in a vertical, one-dimensional water column.

AI - Data - Apps - Cybernetics, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Gaia - Planetary Perspectives, Habitable Zones, Proxima Centauri, TRAPPIST-1, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Ecological Modelling Of Hycean Worlds

by Keith CowingMarch 25, 2026

Temperature distributions and thermal phase curves of the TRAPPIST-1 e system. Panel (a): Snapshot of the effective emission temperature of TRAPPIST-1 e.

Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, TRAPPIST-1

The Influence Of Hypothetical Exomoons On Planetary Thermal Phase Curves

by Keith CowingMarch 22, 2026March 22, 2026

A diagram depicting habitable zone boundaries across star type with rocky exoplanets from Bohl et al. (2026). The boundaries of the habitable zone shift based on star colour, since different wavelengths of light will heat a planet's atmosphere differently. Credit Gillis Lowry / Pablo Carlos Budassi Licence type Attribution (CC BY 4.0)

Astronomy & Telescopes, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Gaia - Planetary Perspectives, Gaia Mission, Habitable Zones, Imaging & Spectroscopy, People Of Astrobiology, TRAPPIST-1

Where To Find Other Earths? New List Narrows Down The Targets

by Keith CowingMarch 20, 2026March 20, 2026

Illustration of some of the multi-modal factors that may contribute to an IHZ in our solar system, overlaid on traditional habitable zones: the circumstellar habitable zone and the zone where closed icy ocean worlds can exist. -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, Radiation, Space Weather & Heliophysics, TRAPPIST-1

The Interplanetary Habitable Zone

by Keith CowingFebruary 17, 2026February 17, 2026

Color phase curves (CPCs) for the sum of planets ’b’ and ’d’ in the Proxima Centauri system. The CPC is the ratio of the flux in the 21 µm to 12.8 µm JWST/MIRI filters, normalized to the stellar flux, with the median value subtracted from the normalized ratio. The CPCs are the sum of both planets, and are shown here for the 2027 visibility period for JWST (lighter when not visible). Two cases are shown: using a hot rock model for ’b’, and a GCM (see text). Planet ’d’ is modeled as a hot rock in both cases.

Astronomy & Telescopes, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, TRAPPIST-1

The Third Option: Color Phase Curves to Characterize the Atmospheres of Temperate Rocky Exoplanets

by Keith CowingFebruary 9, 2026

Stellar irradiation received at the top of the atmosphere on Earth 2.7Ga ago (blue)30 and on TRAPPIST-1e (orange)29. Cross section per molecules of O2, O3 and H2O2 are represented in grey. Knowing O3 less abundant than O2, their photolysis shifting point is around 200nm, close to where the flux balance change between the Sun and TRAPPIST-1. -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Habitable Zones, Imaging & Spectroscopy, News Summary Archives, TRAPPIST-1, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Possible Favored Great Oxidation Event Scenario On Exoplanets Around M-Stars With The Example Of TRAPPIST-1e

by Keith CowingJanuary 27, 2026January 27, 2026

Spectra of different stellar types. On the left, scaled and vertically shifted flux from NewEra stellar grid is shown on the y-axis and wavelength is shown in microns on the x-axis. On the right, the corresponding pressure-vs-temperature profiles are shown, with temperature in Kelvin on the x-axis and pressure in bars on the y-axis. Prominent atomic and molecular features are annotated (Cushing et al. 2005; Rajpurohit et al. 2018, and references therein). Molecular features increase as we move toward cooler stars. In particular, the FeH and water features (shaded blue bands) stand out in the M8 model and are not present in hotter stars. -- astro-ph.SR

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, TRAPPIST-1

Overestimated Pressure Broadening Misleads Model Spectra in Cool M Dwarf Stars

by Keith CowingJanuary 25, 2026January 25, 2026

(a,b) An example of the transmittance spectra taken with the full-scan mode of the SO channel of TGO/NOMAD. (c,d) An example of the transmittance spectra taken with the full-scan mode of the UVIS channel. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Mars, TRAPPIST-1

Anatomy Of Empirical Transit Spectra Of Mars Based On TGO/NOMAD

by Keith CowingJanuary 16, 2026January 16, 2026

C.1: Same as Figure 4 but for the tidal temperature. These values are compared with the equilibrium temperature of all planets (full black circles) and the brightness temperature of T-1b and c (full red circles) estimated in Ducrot et al. (2020). We also give the recently acquired brightness temperatures measured by the JWST: the temperature of planet b comes from Greene et al. (2023), and that of planet c from Zieba et al. (2023). -- astro-ph.EP

Astrogeology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Habitable Zones, TRAPPIST-1

Estimation Of The Tidal Heating In The TRAPPIST-1 Planets. Influence Of The Internal Structure

by Keith CowingJanuary 8, 2026January 8, 2026