September 2025 – Page 21 – My WordPress Site

Earth BioGenome Project

AI - Data - Apps - Cybernetics, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Gaia - Planetary Perspectives, Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics, Microbiology & Virology, Nomenclature, Systematics, Natural History, Origin & Evolution of Life, Sample Return

Earth BioGenome Project Accelerates Efforts To Genetically Map Life On Earth

by Keith CowingSeptember 5, 2025

Performance of our neural networks after the training with the first training+validation split, with respect to the spectra included in the validation subset. The plots show the predicted versus true labeled values for the molecular fractions and temperature. Left panels: Molecular fractions of ice spectra. Each ice spectrum in the validation subset (with a certain composition and temperature) corresponds to six circles in the plot: one for each targeted molecule (denoted by colours). The sizes of the circles indicate the temperature of the ice. The bottom panel reports the difference between the predicted molecular fraction and the labeled value from the experiment. Right panels: Temperature of ice spectra, represented by each circle. Again, the bottom panel reports the difference between the predicted and the labeled values.-- astro-ph.IM

Astrochemistry, Astrogeology, Astronomy & Telescopes, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Interstellar

A Fast Machine Learning Tool To Predict The Composition Of Astronomical Ices From Infrared Absorption Spectra

by Keith CowingSeptember 5, 2025September 5, 2025

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biophysics, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Europa, Habitable Zones, Icy Worlds, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Parameter Space Exploration of Low-to-moderate-temperature Hydrothermal Systems on Ocean Worlds Using a Monte Carlo Framework

by Keith CowingSeptember 5, 2025September 5, 2025

Contribution of condensates to Earth’s bulk composition as a function of temperature (top), derived by differentiating the Earth-Sun devolatilisation trend from Wang et al. (2019a). Molar solid elemental composition in chemical equilibrium with the disk gas is plotted as a function of temperature, shown here for two disks from our sample with C/O = 0.9 (middle) and C/O = 1.25 (bottom), at P = 10−4 bar. Only elements with molar abundances greater than 0.25 mol% are shown. -- astro-ph.EP

Astrochemistry, Astrogeology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets

Proto-planetary Disk Composition-dependent Element Volatility In The Context Of Rocky Planet Formation

by Keith CowingSeptember 5, 2025September 5, 2025

Mean reflectance spectrum of 3I/ATLAS, co-added from the nights of August 10, 12, 16, and 17 with the 2.4 m MDM telescope (black). For comparison, we show the spectra of 3I/ATLAS reported by D. Z. Seligman et al. (2025) (yellow), obtained on July 4 with the 2.2 m UH telescope, and the D-type spectral taxonomy from F. E. DeMeo et al. (2009) (blue). Squares mark photometric measurements obtained with the 1.3 m MDM telescope. Vertical lines mark the positions of typical cometary emission features: CN at 3870 ˚A, C3 at 4050 ˚A, C2(∆ν = 1) at 4750 ˚A, and C2(∆ν = 0) at 5150 ˚A. -- astro-ph.EP

Astrochemistry, Astronomy & Telescopes, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Icy Worlds, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Interstellar

Onset of CN Emission in 3I/ATLAS: Evidence for Strong Carbon-Chain Depletion

by Keith CowingSeptember 4, 2025September 4, 2025

(A) Simplified paleogeography of the area surrounding the Peel River locality. (B) Basinal shales and limestones of the upper Silurian (Pridoli) Vittrekwa Formation, Road River Group, exposed on the Peel River, Yukon. (C) Basinal cherts and siliceous shale of the Middle Devonian Canol Formation, Earn Group, sampled from the RI-07-07A core, Yukon. Loonie for scale. Photo credit to E.A.S. for (B) and (C). -- Science Advances via PubMed

Away Teams & Field Reports, Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Fossils & Paleontology, Habitable Zones, Mapping, Geodesy, Cartography, Nomenclature, Systematics, Natural History, Sample Return, Water/Hycean Worlds & Oceanography

Dynamic Deep Marine Oxygenation During The Early And Middle Paleozoic

by Keith CowingSeptember 4, 2025September 4, 2025

The most stable structures of formaldehyde, thioformaldehyde, and their corresponding radicals as precursors, along with the monohydric alcohols and thiol analogues. -- Red, white, grey, and yellow balls represent Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Sulfur atoms, respectively. -- astro-ph.GA

Astrochemistry, Biochemistry & Organic Chemistry, Biophysics, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Icy Worlds, Imaging & Spectroscopy, Interstellar

Binding Energy Distributions Of Alcohols, Thiols, And Their Precursors On Interstellar Water Ice Surfaces

by Keith CowingSeptember 4, 2025September 4, 2025

Top row: Keck/NIRSPEC excess absorption in percent of TOI-4010 b (first panel), TOI-4010 c (second panel) and TOI-4010 d (third panel), in each planet’s rest frame as a function of time and wavelength (air wavelengths in planetary rest frame). Horizontal white lines mark the beginning (top) and end (bottom) of transit. Dashed vertical red lines denote the positions of the three helium lines. Red shaded regions mark the location of a telluric OH line that we masked in our analysis (see Fig. 2). Bottom row: Average excess absorption spectra for TOI-4010 b (first panel), TOI-4010 c (second panel) and TOI-4010 d (third panel) are shown as black points. The pyTPCI solar metallicity model predictions of the excess absorptions are shown as a blue line (nominal XUV flux), purple line (XUV flux reduced by factor of five), pink line (XUV flux reduced by factor of 10), and orange line (XUV flux reduced by factor of 15). -- astro-ph.EP

Atmospheres, Climate, Weather, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets

Stringent Upper Bounds on Atmospheric Mass Loss from Three Neptune-Sized Planets in the TOI-4010 System

by Keith CowingSeptember 4, 2025September 4, 2025

This image acquired by the Copernicus Sentinel-3 mission – by its Ocean and Land Colour Instrument – shows high concentrations of chlorophyll in yellow-green along the coastline of South Australia, near Adelaide. Chlorophyll-a is a key indicator of the presence of algae in the ocean. Larger image

Biogeochemical Cycles & Geobiology, Biosignatures & Paleobiology, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Gaia - Planetary Perspectives, Imaging & Spectroscopy

Orbital Biosignature Recon: Algae Bloom Chlorophyll Near South Australia

by Keith CowingSeptember 4, 2025September 4, 2025

RVs of TOI-1438. Top: The HARPS-N (blue) and HIRES (orange) RV time series with the best-fitting three Keplerian model in grey with residuals shown in the panel below. Lower: The phasefolded RV curves for planet b (left) and c (middle) as well as signal d (right). The best-fitting models are shown as the grey lines with the shaded area denoting the 1 and 2σ intervals in the K-amplitude. Residuals are given below. -- astro-ph.EP

Astronomy & Telescopes, Exoplanets, -moons, -comets, Imaging & Spectroscopy

TOI-1438: A Rare System With Two Short-period Sub-Neptunes And A Tentative Long-period Jupiter-like Planet Orbiting A K0V star

by Keith CowingSeptember 4, 2025September 4, 2025